“Social Inequality Is a Necessary Evil of Capitalist Society”. Please Comment .

â€Å"Social inequality is a necessary evil of capitalist society†. Please comment with the reference of the sociology perspectives being discussed in the lecture and textbook. In the 21th century, the existence of social inequality has already raised to the surface, which give rise to a torrent of furor. Many people sees social inequality as an individual problem, people experience inequality because of their ability or laziness. However, this is somehow not the real case.Indeed, social inequality can be the consequence of the institution of the society, or, simply a characteristic of a particular economic system. This is exactly why social inequality is said to be a necessary evil in a capitalist society. In this essay, the reasons that social inequality must exist in a capitalist society is going to be discussed. The term ‘capitalism’ can be ambiguous, so what really means ‘capitalism’? Over these centuries, capitalism has been further divided or m utated into many types of systems.Generally, capitalism is an economic system. The most notable and common meaning of capitalism is the private ownership of the means of production. Private ownership means that individuals consist of the freedom to control their own assert. This means individuals will not interfere with one another as they use, exchange (sell) or give away what they find unclaimed or abandoned, what they make, and what they get from other persons by gift or exchange (purchase). (Watts, 1975) Compared to capitalism, the definition of social inequality is relatively clearer.Basically, anything unequal happened within a society or groups can said to be a social inequality. Sociologically, according to Marger(2005), the more evident inequalities in nowadays’ society are mainly the differences in income and wealth, differences in social standing and prestige, and differences in power. Now, do ‘capitalist society’ and ‘capitalism’ consist of an identical meaning? This is a very discussible question. Rather than only an economic system, the influence of capitalism is more than that.As Marxian theory stated that economic institution are the determinants of the entire system of society, the society’s economic foundation conditions the social, political and intellectual life process in general (Marx and Engel,1968, cited from Marger,2005), it is believed that a capitalist society refers to a society the norms and culture of the societies are influenced by its economic structure, namely capitalism. In a capitalist society, some particular characteristics are developed. As this is not an economic analysis, the focus point would be more about social characteristics.First of all, the capital accumulation is a trait that the owner, or the entrepreneur was dependent upon not only the accumulation of his own capital but also the aggregation of the capital of others. (Schumpeter, 1942) Besides, in a modern capitalistic st ate, competition is engaged to capitalism. The competition between corporations is the key to lower the costs of production and prices, and also the competition among workers to compete for limited employment, while competition leads to a maximization of self-interest. Democracy is also said to be the necessities of capitalism.Przeworski and Wallerstein (1982, cited from Goodin, 2009) explained it by using the term ‘class compromise’. Democracy is the compromise between capitalist and workers as it brings out the equilibrium that they share the same political power even through their quantity of wealth are unequal. This is redistribution, according to Prezeworski and Wallerstein. Lastly, modern capitalist society triggered the variation of forms of capital as nowadays, money and raw materials are not the only things that create profit, and this will be further discussed below.In this way, how these characteristics reflect or contribute to social inequality? Let’s discuss this issue from different sociological perspectives. From the conflict-theory-approach, Marxian and Weberian models are necessary to understand structured inequality in societies. According to Marx, social inequality is fundamental in capitalist society (Marger, 2005) Marx state that capitalism leads to class division—the capitalist class and the industrial working class, while this is the basic of capitalism and also the basic of social inequality.So in this way, the one who own resources and commodity can rule the other class. The working class must accept what capitalist pay them for their labor as they have no capital. This ruling practice can create a result of not only control the economic system and wealth distribution, but also the authority and the privilege of capitalist. As a result, the social inequality remains unchanged and the working classes by no means accept it. Under Marx’s analyses, the inevitable inequality in a capitalist society will eve ntually trigger a class conflict.Marx explains that the economy and politics are interdependent on each other, by which, we can applying to this essay is democracy and capitalism. Nowadays, democratic capitalism is a well-known political-economic system. Using Marx’s concept, democracy is created by those capitalist who try to make control and rule the two classes in a seemingly democratic way. For instance, in the USA, everyone has a right to vote, this allows people to have equality chance to choose the best politician they believe in.Through voting, they feel like they are given the opportunity to an equal chance, yet the structure-basis soical inequality remain unchanged. After analyzing this topic from Marxian perspectives, let’s move on to the Weberian model. According to Marger(2005), Weber suggested a more multidimensional model than that of Marx. Other than just a class division base on economic interest, Weber suggest the class, status and party are the facto rs that create inequality. Regarding this topic, the idea of Weber about the concept of class would be quite proper to explain the inevitability of inequality in capitalist society.In Weber’s points of view, the formation of class or the class position of a particular person is not just simply base on the means of production, rather there are things like skills and credentials. For instance, doctor is a worker for the hospital, but their social position is more than simply a worker. Here comes to the concept of capital—In the industrialism period, technologies are material-intensive, thus the means of production only focused on the physical capital, namely raw materials, money and other kinds of assert.However, in the modern capitalist society, technologies are shifted into informative-intensive, bringing out the diversity of capital. Goodwin(2003) suggested that there are five types of capital—-financial capital, social capital, natural capital, produced capita l and human capital. In this way, the accumulation of capital is not only money and material in modern capitalist society are varied—-different types of capitalist are being developed. As a result, our degrees of accumulation of different kinds of capital would result inequality diversity, not only difference in wealth, but difference in privilege and social position.Weber’s concept is able to explain the inequality of privilege, power and social position rather than just wealth in modern capitalist society. As we can see, the conflict-approach focus on the inevitability of inequality, while the structural-functionalism approach is focused on the need of inequality. Functional theorists begin with the metaphor that the society is organized as a whole or a living system. ( Rigney, 2001) In this organic system, people must take up different role to maintain the operation of the society.In this way, there is a necessity of inequality. Under this scheme, some roles are rel atively important than others, namely doctor is considered more important than trash collectors. According to David and Moore (1945), this is due to the more important to the survival of the society than others. These positions require much talent and education, thus these important roles would earn more income and prestige compared to others, which leads to an open up of competition. Being one of the characteristics in capitalist society, competition is everywhere.People start compete by strive for limited university quota, limited working positions, limited resources and so on. Eventually, those with more talent and stronger ability occupied those more important positions such as layer, judgers, and doctor and those with less talent, in other words, less human capital are taking up less important role namely driver, salesman and so on. This occupational stratification creates differences in income and reward, applying to a capitalist society, create winners and losers.Applying the functionalist perspective to capitalist society, the variation of roles and the occupation of better positions by people with more human capital, is necessary for the ‘health’ of this organic system to fully extend its function, which explain why a capitalist society needs social inequality. Both the conflict approach and structural-functionalist approach explain inequality in terms of the macrostructure of the society, conflict theorists see the society as a war, while the functionalists see the society as a body and they both sees ‘inequality’ in a objective way(Scott, 2003).In contrast, the way symbolic interactionists see things are contradictory to the above approach. Symbolic interactions explain social inequality in a more subjective and micro-structural way. According to Blumer (1969), interactionists describe the society as the interaction among people, while human beings act based on the meaning of things have for them. From their perspective, th ere is no inherent equality or inequality. In such way, the meaning of social inequality are defined by individual’s interaction and it become a nteractive process, so terms like ‘inequality’ are used creatively for people to understand their world. (Scott, 2001) Therefore, when we consider the social inequality in capitalist society from interactionist perspective, how people feel about the existing inequality is putting into consideration. In this way, the sets of value and beliefs developed from people are the key to create an endurance of inequality. The ideology of people is developed through interaction and their own interpretation.Although capitalism has created a social inequality, it is still a dominant economic system throughout the world, why? This is because people feel fine about it and accept it. According to Marger (2005), a long-range stability and popular acceptance require the development of an effective ideology and its communication through so cialization. Parents interact with their children, friends interact with friends, workers interact with workers—–eventually they view the inequality of power, wealth and privilege as natural or even benefitical.Looking capitalism through the symbolic-interaction’s eye, sometime it is not only the system, capitalism, set up the latent ‘law’ that inequality must exist, it is rather comes from the interpretation of individual, and eventually emerge to the whole masses. Using the education system in Hong Kong as an example, competition is seen as natural. School is believed to be the place where people start accumulating human and social capital namely knowledge and relationships which contribute to their career. The concept ‘winner’ and ‘loser’ are incepted starting from school, it is a common beliefs among student to compete with others.They strive for getting into famous primary and secondary school and university. As we can see, not only the structure needs inequality, the masses needs inequality so that they are able fight for an opportunity. All in all, the three sociological perspectives focus on different aspects of the situation. From conflict-approach, it is believed that the inequality is inevitable due to the concept of class, there are always different class and social positions that create an inescapable social inequality.The seemingly fair democracy system can be seen as a cover to play down the existing inequality, and also a strategy of the ruling class, so there are actually hidden conflicts in the capitalist society. From the factionalist perspective, inequality is seen as a functional trait to create a healthy society, people with more capital (resources, knowledge, skills. etc) should occupy a more important roles in order to maintain a fine operation of the society, so social inequality is needed in a capitalist society.From the symbolic interactional perspective, the acceptance of s ocial inequality by the masses is put into concern. The interpretation of inequality is subjective and varying among people, thus through interaction between people, particular norms, beliefs and culture of capitalism is developed, and people trust that inequality is beneficial for the society. Not only in terms of the society’s structure, but also in terms of people under the capitalist structure, social inequality is a necessary evil in the capitalist society.Name: Luk Sze Ip Lydia Reference: Blumer, Herbert. (1969). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Davis, Kingsley, Wilbert Moore. (1945). Some Principles of Stratification. American Sociological Review 10:242-249 Harris, Scott R. (2003). Critiquing and Expanding the Sociology of Inequality: Comparing Functionalist, Conflict, and Interactionist Perspectives. In Quarterly Journal of Ideology 25. P. 1-21. (Electronic journal) Harris, Scott R. (2001). What Can Interactionism C ontribute to the Study of Inequality? The Case of Marriage and Beyond. In Symbolic Interaction vol. 24:455-480. Wiley  on behalf of the  Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction Martin N. Marger. (2005). Social inequality—Patterns & Processes (3rd. edition). The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Neva R. Goodwin. Five Kinds of Capital: Useful Concepts for Sustainable Development. In Neva Goodwin. , et. al. (2003)Law and Socio-Economics of the American Association of Legal Scholars annual meeting.Medford MA 02155, USA Rigney, Daniel. (2001). The Metaphorical Society: An Invitation to Social Theory. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Robert E. Goodin, . et. al. (2009) The Oxford handbook of Political Science. Oxford University Press. USA Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1942) 1950 Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. 3d ed. New York: Harper; London: Allen & Unwin V. Orval Watts, (1975),Capitalism: Definition, Origin, and Dynamics. In Mark W. Hendrickson. (1992). the morality of capital ism. The Foundation for Economic

Necrophilia Cases

Sex according to many or may I say, majority, is the highest enjoyment in the planet. But the unsatisfying nature of sex leads to the uninterrupted series of encounters. Sex with same sex was recognized, adult sexually attracted to children or pedophilia, and zoophilia – the practice of sex between humans and animals. Necrophilia is a psychiatric expression for a pathological sexual attraction to corpses. It is a very rare and unwell understood phenomenon. Legends with necrophilia themes are common throughout history and the concept of sexual interference with the dead has been known and abhorred since the ancient Egyptians, as noted by Herodotus (484 BCE -425 BC approx): â€Å"When the wife of a distinguished man dies, or any woman who happens to be beautiful or well known, her body is not given to the embalmers immediately, but only after the lapse of three or four days. This is a precautionary measure to prevent the embalmers from violating her corpse, a thing which is actually said to have happened in the case of a woman who had just died. (de Selincourt, translation, 1972, p. 161) In Psychopathia Sexualis, in 1894, the original work of Richard Von Kraft-Ebing, one of the first psychiatric writers called necrophilia a horrible manifestation of sadism. Abraham A. Brill published the first comprehensive study of the subject in 1941, characterizednecrophiles as mentally deficient, psychotic, and incapable of obtaining a consent partn er. Necrophilia has been linked with cannibalism and vampirism as all are considered perversions. In the British Journal of Psychiatry in 1978 by Neville Lancaster, reported a case of a 23 year old student of music at teacher’s training college in England. The student was convicted of the murder of a young woman and was sentenced for life imprisonment. He admitted that he had broken into mortuary and had sexual contacts with female corpses on different occasions prior to the murder. The student was evaluated with an IQ test and found no evidence of mental illness and had a normal romantic relationship with a music teacher. The authorities found out that he was a necrophile, who desired to have sex with corpses, therefore decided to kill female victims and engage sex with a fresh dead cadaver. In 1989, two dedicated psychiatrist, Jonathan Rosman and Phillip Resnick review 122 cases demonstrating necrophilic acts or fantasies. Both distinguish true necrophilia and pseudo-necrophilia from the different cases. They classified true necrophilia into three types:necrophilic homicide – murder to obtain a orpse for sexual pleasure: regular necrophilia – the use of already dead corpse for sex: necrophilic fantasy – just fantasizing sexual activities with a cadaver without carrying out any necrophilia. The pseudo-necrophilia has a transient attraction to a corpse but the corpse is not the center of the sexual desire. According to Rosman and Resnick, neither psychosis, mental retardation, sadism appears to be inherent in necrophilia. The best motive for necrophilia is in possession of a not-re jecting and unresisting partner. Necrophiles choose occupation with access to corpses. Many psychologists, psychiatrists, and researchers psychoanalytical explanation for necrophilia and both Rosman and Resnick developed an empirical model to get a rich understanding of how psychodynamic events could lead to necrophilia: (1) The necrophile develops poor self-esteem, due in part to a significant loss;(a) He (usually male) is very fearful of rejection by women so desires a sex object who cannot refuse him; and/or (b) He is fearful of the dead, transforms his fear – by means of reaction formation – into a desire for the dead: (2) He develops an exciting fantasy of sex with corpse, sometimes after exposure to cadaver. Extreme Cases of Necrophilia Ted Bundy, an American serial killer, killed numerous young women across the United States between 1974 and 1978, he eventually confessed to 30 murders total victims unknown. Bundy would bludgeon his victims, strangle and engage in rape and necrophilia. Edmund Kemper – The Coed Killer Edmund Kemper, from Burbank, California started his escapades at a very young age. He mutilated two of the family cats and caught playing with his sister portraying death rituals. He was shipped off to his father twice as he keep on returning back, till finally he was sent to his grandparents in the foothills of California’s Sierra’s in the farm. At a young age 15, he shot his grandmother and stabbed her repeatedly by a kitchen knife for not allowing him to go with his grandfather to the fields. Ask for the reason why, â€Å"I just wanted to see what it would be like to shoot grandma. † In May 7, 1972, Kemper picked up two girls from Fresno State College while hitchhiking. He brought them to a seclude place and stabbed them to death and sexually abused the corpses. He took the bodies to his mother’s place, dissected them and played with their organs and took Polaroids. He buried the bodies at Santa Cruz Mountain and tossed the heads into a deep ravine in the road. In September, he picked up a 15 year-old-girl, suffocated her and rape her corpse. He took her home, just like the others, dissected the body and buried it next to Boulder Creek. In January 1973, he picked up a student from Sta. Cruz, forced her to the trunk and shot her. He raped the corpse before bringing her home, where he dissected the corpse, bag it and tossing it off at the cliff into the ocean at Carmel. Less than a month after picking up two women and shot them to death, he raped both headless corpses. Their mutilated bodies were dumped into Eden Canyon. This time he turned his rage towards his sleeping mother. He beat his mother to death while lay sleeping in the bed with a claw hammer. He followed this by decapitating her and raping the headless corpse. He finished by taking the larynx and dumping it at the garbage disposal. He was convicted of 8 counts of first degree murder, and asked what punishment you like, he replied†¦. †Death by torture. † Received 16 August 2000; accepted 10 November 2000. This report presents the case of a young man legally convicted twice on a charge of defiling the dead. All necrophilic acts were committed over a period of around 15 years. The examination results revealed a purely female-fixated necrophilia. In three cases, the perpetrator skinned the trunk of the corpses, placed the skin on his naked body and that stimulated him sexually. In several cases, he also used burial clothes that he had removed from the coffins and kept at home. The perpetrator had a long record of psychiatric treatment for his sexual inclination. These are just some of the recorded cases of necrophilia, a deterrent example of unsatisfied behavior. The psychiatrists and psychologists endless study of such behavior of mankind and its mysterious mind contributes deep assertion why such unearthly actions are committed. The unsatisfying nature of the human being also tends to lead us that we are by nature happy. But we are searching amiss. Police in Zamboanga, Philippines are investigating into an alleged case of necrophiliaafter five graves were desecrated in recent months. Starting in October last year five dead women and children have been exhumed from their graves at a cemetery in Barangay Mercedes and interfered with. The first instance back in October was a recently buried woman who authorities discovered dug up and placed on top of her resting place. Then in February a dead old lady was found exhumed from her grave, and this month a 17 year old girl and a 13 day old baby girl were also removed from their graves. The most recent case, which happened just days ago, involved a female teacher who was removed from her grave and hung upside down from a post in the graveyard, suspended by her own stockings. The deceased woman’s underwear had also been removed and placed on her head. Families of the deceased are said to be furious at the alleged sexual violation of the corpses. Police say they suspect a group of perpetrat The Dead Corpse Can Fantasize Physical Pleasure By: Swarag Monday, January 7, 2008, 17:17 [IST] A A A The term ‘corpse' may reduce us into a ball of fear, but there are some exceptionals, who can step a foot further to use them to fulfill their sexual desires. Such sexual attraction to corpses is called Necrophilia or Thanatophilia or Necrolagnia. Read the horrifying sexual fantasy that has been just another part of life from many decades. Welcome to the world of sexual horror!!! Necrophilia in ancient culture The necrophilia practices can be found in the artifacts of the Moche civilization of South America, where pottery depicting skeletal figures engaged in coitus with living humans are among the ruins. In one of the ancient cultures Necrophilia was practiced as a spiritual means of communicating with the dead. Some employed it as an attempt to revive the departed. an error occurred while processing this directive] Legends with necrophilic themes are common throughout history and the concept of sexual interference with the dead has been known and abhorred since the ancient Egypt.. Causes Some of the main cause for such irregular behavior towards sex are listed below, †¢ When a person, (usually men) experiences rejection of love by the opposite sex, every other day, he desires a sexual partner who is incapable of rejecti ng him. Alas! He can have such a relationship only with the one that doesn't beat the rhythm of life. He also fears the dead and he tries to transform his fear by reaction formation into a desire. †¢ He develops an exciting fantasy of sex with a corpse, sometimes after exposure to a corpse. A research states that 68% of necrophiles were motivated by a desire for an unrejecting partner, 21% by a desire for reunion with a lost partner; 15 % by sexual attraction to dead people, 15 %by a desire for comfort or to overcome feelings of isolation and 12 % by a desire to remedy low self-esteem by expressing power over a corpse. Another research conducted in England states that some necrophiles tend to choose a dead mate after failing to create romantic attachments with the living. Types of Necrophilia In 1989, two researchers, Jonathan Rosman and Phillip Resnick studied 122 cases manifesting necrophilic acts or fantasies. They classified true necrophilia into three main types, Necrophilic homicide: Here a necrophile murders a human to obtain a corpse for sexual purposes. Regular Necrophilia: the necrophile uses natural dead corpse for sexual fantasies. Pseudonecrophile : has a transient attraction to a corpse, but a corpse is not the object of his sexual pleasure. According to the two researchers, the most common motive for necrophilia is possession of an unresisting and unrejecting partner. Neither mental retardation, psychosis or sadism appears to be inherent in necrophilia. Necrophile usually range between the age of 20 and 50 with occupations that provide ready access to corpses, mortuary attendants, gravediggers†¦ etc. Most individuals have been reported to be heterosexual. Laws : Sexual Offenses Act 2003, states that sexual penetration with a corpse is illegal. However as of May 2006, there is no federal legislation specifically barring sex with a corpse. Treatment: Treatment for necrophilia would be similar to that prescribed for most paraphilia's like, cognitive therapy, individual psychotherapy, use of sex-drive reducing medications, assistance with improving social and sexual relations, etc. The necrophile should also be assessed for associated psychopathology and treated accordingly.

Customer Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Customer Service - Essay Example It is under the medical services industry and it is both a public and private health center as it houses both private and public wings. Sunrise Health Center has an in-patient bed capacity of sixty beds in four wards, with fifteen beds in each ward. The medical facility has fifteen employees with two in the senior management and two in junior management levels. Four employees are support staff where each is assigned to one ward. The other seven employees are medical staff who attend to patients and provide other medical services. The medical facility has a laboratory and a pharmacy which are manned by staff who are on a rotating work schedule. In-patients services are offered on a twenty four hour basis while the out-patient services are available during the normal working hours of 8.00am to 5.00pm from Monday to Saturdays. The out-patient section of the facility remains closed on Sundays and public holidays. The nearest hospital to Sunrise Health Center is St. Mary Mission Hospital which is twelve and a half miles away to the south. Sunrise Health Center refers all the complicated medical cases to this mission hospital and also relies on the referral hospital for supply of some drugs that are not readily available. St. Mary Mission Hospital also refers some of its patients to the medical facility for check-ups and other regular visits. This mostly happens for patients who live near Sunrise Health Center. Customer service in Sunrise Health Center seriously needs improvements. Some of the customer service issues identified are; lack of customer confidentiality, poor communication skills among the medical staffs, slow response to emergency medical cases, late opening and unavailability of drugs in the pharmacy. There have been two cases in the health center that were related to customer confidentiality. The first case involved a patient who developed breathing problems at work and was rushed to the health center by two of his

CF&F in Light of the Aforementioned Areas Research Paper

CF&F in Light of the Aforementioned Areas - Research Paper Example A need arose to change management of the organization. The following are some of the problems: Training for the hourly employees and the management – after the promotion of the frontline supervisors, none of them received any managerial development training. The management of the company has been promising the hourly employees that they will get training and promotion but this has never happened. They are now afraid that the management is not adhering to the company policies. Communication – there is lack of communication in the organization. The absence of communication is felt all over the organization, that is, between the managerial positions and between the management and the employees. Teamwork – teamwork lacks in the organization. This can be ascertained by the allegations raised by both the frontline supervisors and the employees. The employees allege that the frontline supervisors do not offer them enough training. On the other hand, the frontline supervisors allege that the upper management does not support and respond to the concerns raised. There are a number of causes of the mentioned problems. These causes stem from the past management, for example, the frontline supervisors were promoted within the company and the once promoted, they did not receive any management development training, the management has been promising the hourly employees that they will get training and promotion but this has never been fulfilled, the management of the company has not been adhering to the company policies and they are forcing the employees to follow the policies, this has made the employees feel resentment, the lack of training among the employees is attributed to the fact that the frontline supervisors are overwhelmed by the production schedule.

The role of national governments and civil servants with reference to Essay

The role of national governments and civil servants with reference to criteria such as equity, efficiency, democracy and public interest and examine concrete st - Essay Example As to how the government should maintain its sovereignty and obligation, it must ensure equity, efficiency, democracy and public interest such as for instance; it must be able to give its people their right for a quality and standard education, accessible health opportunities and facilities and good governance as a whole which at some point, must be free from corruption. Corruption may involve cash or economic benefits, power or influence, or even less-tangible interests, and occurs in both government and the private sectors, in free-market and closed economies and in democratic and non-democratic governments and societies (United Nations 2008). In today’s global economic setting, much can be said about the role and tasks of the government for we are entirely into a new shift, from traditional to modern way of governance. Sparapani (2008) commented that the main tasks for the government are allocation of resources, redistribution of income, stabilization of economic activity and promotion of growth and employment. This is based on an economic perspective that applies to modern national economy which the bottom line is to ensure equity, efficiency, democracy and public interest first. In this paper, I will try to expound these four areas in governance and relate them to the government of Cyprus, a country, among any others that has a remarkable and unique history and story to tell in the world. The first practical examples will be based on the e-Government, for this is the latest and a remarkable innovation of governance in our era where technology gets a higher correlation with the advancement of an entire country and individuals living in it. In today’s age of breakthrough technology and advanced information technology (IT) and where almost anything can just be possible right at everybody’s doorsteps, it would no longer be impossible for myriad of information to penetrate just right away into everyone’s home. It is

Evaluation Forms and their Application Assignment

Evaluation Forms and their Application - Assignment Example As the aim here is to evaluate Australian Cancer Education Prevention fund, the best approach here at this stage would be to monitor the existing situation of the fund, the health department, health care facilities and general awareness level of people of Australia. At this stage as monitoring is important for further decision making, the best evaluation approach will be to use monitoring form as tool. This tool will help in making final choice amongst various probable steps that could be taken. The second form for the study of Australian Cancer Education Prevention fund would be the study of impact form. Looking at the topic under discussion (which is Australian Cancer Education Prevention Fund) it is important to study the impact of this fund in spreading awareness and controlling this health issue. The best approach thus would be to use impact form as a tool in this case. While evaluating anything related to the field of health and medicine, it is important to note that not every time researchers get a second chance. Human lives are involved. It is very important that evaluation in this field is done very carefully. For that purpose, monitoring and impact forms can help in decision

Legislation and social policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Legislation and social policy - Essay Example The nature of their duties are multifarious concerning the patients’ health, social security, psychological support to the patient and the family, ensuring support to the patient and the family at the community level, resolution of the uncertainties involved in the treatment and the support services. In fact the gamut of community care is very wide and it varies from arrangement of financial support though the NGO’s to the patients and their families to bereavement and follow-up services in coordination with the support groups and bereavement groups. Therefore, in order to make the services more effective, they need to interact not only with the families of the patients but also with the medical professionals of various disciplines to provide a comprehensive treatment to the patients and at community level for the resources that may be required in this connection apart from counseling to the patients and their families. 2. ... . Attlee announced the introduction of the Welfare State as outlined in the Beveridge Report. This included the establishment of a National Health Service in 1948, with free medical treatment for all. A national system of benefits was also introduced to provide social security, so that the population would be protected 'from the cradle to the grave'†. (BBC) In 1948 the Poor law, passed in 1598 was abolished through National Assistance Act, with provisions for welfare services. Spicker says that the 'Welfare State' was not intended to respond to poverty; that was what the Poor Law had done. The main purpose was to encourage the provision of the social services on the same basis as the public services - roads, libraries and so forth - an  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœinstitutional’' model of welfare.   Therefore, the concept of community care is wider in principle and application. 3. NHS and Community Care Act 1990 Reports of the various committees such as Working Party on Joint Planning, P rogress in Partnership (1981), House of Commons Social Services Select Committee Report (1985), Audit Commission, Making a Reality of Community Care 1986) and Griffiths Report, Community Care, Agenda for Action (1988) during the 1980’s had culminated into this legislation after considerable debate. Powel (2001) states, â€Å"Griffiths (1988) proposed that local authorities were strategically placed to oversee the delivery of community care within the matrix of policy, professional practice and older people themselves involved in the process†¦ The White Paper Caring for People which followed in November 1989 accepted most of Griffith’s proposals and approved the threefold matrix of user choice, promoting non-institutional services and targeting†. 4. Main Aims